March 1, 2022

This blog is an update of the Debate in Cosmology dated July 5, 2012, which continues below.

THE NOIVEL ZWICKY-SANTILLI ISO-COSMOLOGY

SUMMARY
We review and upgrade the geometric, theoretical and experimental inconsistencies of 20th century cosmology published by Sir R. M. Santilli ( Biographical Notes) and other cosmologists in refereed journals and reviewed in the 2012 Debate in Cosmology [1]. We then outline the consistency and experimental verifications on Earth of the new Zwicky-Santilli Iso-Cosmology. We would appreciate comments in the Message Box below with guaranteed anonymity.

I. INCONSISTENCIES OF THE EXPANSION OF THE UNIVERSE

I.1. The sole available experimental evidence in cosmology.
The sole and only quantity we can measure on Earth from far away galaxies is the cosmological frequency shift of their light

z = v_or /v_ob - 1, ---------- (1)

where v_or is the frequency of light at the origin and v_ob is the frequency measured on Earth. In general, v_or is bigger than v_ob, resulting in the known "cosmological redshift" z > 0.

I.2. The conjecture of the expansion of the universe.
For the intent of establishing the validity of Einstein's special relativity throughout the universe, the cosmological redshift (1) has been represented in the 20th century cosmology in terms of the Doppler axiom for which, in first approximation,

z = v / c. --------- (2)

where v is assumed to be the speed of galaxies away from Earth, resulting in the "assumption" that the cosmological redshift \z is "experimental evidence" on the expansion of the universe. By contrast, Santilli [zzzzzz] has shown that:

I.2.1. Conjecture (2) is geometrically inconsistent (Section 1.3);

I.2.2. Assumption (2) is not unique since the cosmological redshift (1) admits other interpretations (Section II);

I.2.3. Various spectroscopic measurements done on Earth disprove Conjecture (2) (Section 1.zzzzz);

x = H d ---------- (3)

where d is the distance of the considered galaxy from Earth and H is one of the various forms of the Hubble constant (that with the dimension of the inverse distance).

Consequently, the redshift z of galactic light must be the same for all galaxies having the same distance r from Earth (Hubble law).

According to Santilli's search, Einstein, Hubble, Hoyle, Zwicky, Fermi et al. died without accepting the universe expansion because Hubble's law (3) implies a clear return to the Middle Ages with Earth at the center of the universe (see Figure 1 and Part I of Debate in Cosmology [1]).

Figure 1: One of the various geometric inconsistencies of the conjecture of the expansion of the universe identified by Sir Ruggero Maria Santilli (Biographical notes). Galaxies G1 and G2 are at double distance from Earth E. By assuming the conjecture of the expansion of the universe, they should have double speeds with respect to Earth, thus having a "non-null relative speed." However, the same galaxies G1 and G2 admit an infinite number of observers O1, O2, O3, ... for which G1 and G2 are at the same distance with consequential "identical cosmological redshift," and evident geometric inconsistency. The geometric inconsistency of this figure evidently persists under the hyperbolic conjecture of the expansion of space itself. No dismissal of the above inconsistency has appeared in a refereed journal to date (3-1-22.)

I.4. Geometric inconsistency of the expansion of space.
For the intent of overcoming the inconsistencies of the expansion of the universe, thus maintaining the validity of special relativity throughout the universe, 20-th century cosmologists ventured the far reaching conjecture that space itself is expanding under the expectation that, under such an assumption, the relative distances between the various galaxies remain proportionately the same.

However, the geometric inconsistency of the expansion of space (Figure 1) persists for the expansion if space because Galaxies G1 and G2 continue to have a relative velocity according to conjecture (2) as a necessary condition to represent their double cosmological redshift per law (1), while Galaxies G1 and G2 continue to have the same distance for the infinite number of observers O1, O2, ... with consequential absence of a relative speed and ensuing geometric inconsistency. The conjecture of the expansion of space maintains Earth at the center of the universe for other reasons, such as for the acceleration of the expansion (Figure 2).

Figure 2:

I.4. Inconsistencies of the big bang
Here is a summary of the inconsistencies of the conjecture of the big bang treated in details in Section I.5 of the website [1]:

I.4.1. To be compatible with Hubble's law (3), the big bang must have occurred in our galactic vicinity, therefore implying again Earth at the center of the universe.
I.4.2. Clear physical evidence establishes that the "debris" of all explosions (the galaxies in this case) "slow down" with the distance, while z measurements establish that the hypothetical expansion accelerates with the increase of the distance.
I.4.3. One of Santilli's graduate students when he was at Harvard University proved that, due to its weakness, the cosmological background radiation should have been completely absorbed by galaxies and intergalactic matter one billion years ago. This evidence prohibits the use of the background radiation as "evidence" of the big bang and establishes the need for a continuous source of energy for its very existence (see Section ZZZ and Part I of I).

I.5. Inconsistencies of dark matter.
Astrophysical measurements have established the existence of frequency shifts of individual galactic stars that are not equal to the cosmologica redshift z of the galaxy as a whole, with a large "decrease" of the cosmological redshift for light near the galactic center (Figure 3).

For the intent of maintaining the validity of special relativity throughout the universe, V. Rubin [3] introduced in her celebrated paper of 1970 the conjecture (without any verification) that the anomalous frequency shifts for stars near the galactic center are due to their "anomalous rotation" around the galactic center, namely, a relativistic rotation of stars not represented by general relativity or Newtonian gravitation.

In view of the salvage of special relativity, Rubin's conjecture was adopted by 20th century cosmologists with few exceptions, resulting in the widespread use of dark matter to explain the "anomalous rotation" of stars near the galactic center, the acceleration of the expansion of the universe, and all other experimental data violating special relativity.

Santilli [zzzz ] has shown that the "rotation" of stars around the galactic center cannot possibly generate a frequency shift of light measurable on Earth for various reasons, such as:

I-5.1. Represent the cosmological redshift (1) with assumption (2). Recall that the speed of light in assumption (2) is c = 300,000 km per second. Simple calculations show that, in order to represent the measured frequency shift near the galactic center, stars should rotate with a tangential speeds of the order of thousands of kilometers per second, which speed is outside physical reality for a massive star.

I-5.2. As implied in Rubin's conjecture, the frequency shift should be "intermitted" due to the lack of light reaching us when the star travels in the back of the black hole. This intermittency is contrary to the experimental evidence of the continuous character of the frequency shift.

I-5.3. There have been measurements according to which, in some extreme cases, star light is "blue-shifted" which is an occurrence impossible to represent with the Doppler axiom of special relativity, unless said stars move "toward" Earth at thousand kilometers per second.

Figure 3: One of the astrophysical measurements showing deviations of the frequency shift of stars near the galactic center (on the left) from the cosmological shift of the galaxy as a whole.. In orpder to maintain special relativity, the author if these measdurements [zzzz] submitted the hypothesis that these aniomalous frequency shfts are duye to the "rotation; (sic) of the stars around the galactiuc centyer. However, somple calkculatiinbs show tjhagt, in order to achieve the bredshiuft if the figurte, stars should riotate for thousands cf miles "per second, the anomaly should be intermiutetd due to the passage yt of stars in the back if tyhe galacthc. vcenyetr whicjh is disproved by asrop ohysiucal meas¨rements, and the :"rotatioin: if stars c annot ex plain cases if "blueshiuft": which woukd requifte the stars traveling "topwards Earth: at thousand of miles per second, thus implying a scientific blinder of histyorival proportions due to the large poublic funds that have been spent by Governmenat Aahgencies for the intent if eraching an experi emntakj verifucation if the dark matetr coinjectyfr e.

Clearly, the above inconsistencies cam be best resolved via a return to Hoyle's Steady State Cosmology with intriguing implications for basic scientific knowledge, such as the possible continuous creation of matter in the universe., the apparent need for the stability of the universe to admit antimatter galaxies, and other intriguing topics.

II EXPERIMENTAL VERIFICATIONS OF ZWICKY'S TIRED LIGHT Prof. Santilli has provided experimental measurements on Earth of the representation of the above anomalous redshifts of galactic stars [11]. This voids the need fo r the hypothetical dark matter for galactic dynamics, while its hypothetical need for the acceleration of the expansion is voided by its representation via Zwicky's hypothesis of Tired Light.

Note that Prof. Santilli's studies via isomathematics apply for steady events in the universe. The inapplicability of special relativity for supernova explosions and other time irreversible events is blatant since special relativity is invariant under time reversal in favor f the broader, irreversible genomathematics and related mechanics [12]. We should finally mention the recent verifications of the 1935 Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen argument that "quantum mechanics is not a complete theory" [13] which discourage the use of quantum mechanics for cosmological applications in favor of broader vistas, such as the new conception of the universe as a single totally integrated entity composed by parts in continuous and instantaneous entanglement according to the laws of hadronic mechanics.

II. EXPERIMENTAl VERIFICATION OF ZWICKY'S "TIRED LIGHT'.

Santilli and his team have conducted comprehensive spectroscopic measurements in the USA and in Europe proving the validity of Zwicky's 1929 hypothesis of Tired Light, namely, that light loses energy E = hν to the cold intergalactic medium (mostly composed by hydrogen at absolute zero degree temperature), with resulting cosmological redshift (see Ref. [2] and quoted preceding literature).These studies have established the following alternative representation of the cosmological redshift (1)

z = H d, ----------- (3)

here d is the distance traveled by light through the intergalactic medium and H is a constant at the global level. For the case of individual galaxies, H is a function of the density, temperature and other variables of the inner galactic medium.

Figure 3: A view of the anomalous frequency shift of light reaching us from individual galactic stars near the galactic center (in the left). In order to maintain special relativity, the anomaly was interpreted by V. Rubin in her known 1970 paper as being due to the "rotation" of the star around the central black hole, thus suggesting the need for the invisible dark matter needed to propel the stars to the needed speeds. Prof. Santilli has shown that such an interpretation has no scientific grounds since the actual representation of the measured redshift would require the star traveling at thousands of Km "per seconds," as well as other inconsistencies. Consequently, Prof. Santilli achieved a numeric representation of the measured anomaly via his experimentally established redshift for stars within peripheral intergalactic gases at low temperature and his blueshift for stars within the hot plasma near the central black hole.

It has been shown that the energy released by galactic light to the medium all over the universe is the continuous source of energy needed for a 'quantitative' (rather than political) explanation of the cosmological background radiation.

Note that, to our knowledge, basic law (3) represents "all" measurements of cosmological redshift (1). This is evident for z > 0 but holds also for z < 0 since there is a value of d for which v_or is much smaller than v_ob} (see, e.g., the authoritative Ref. [3]). In the event this is not the case, We would appreciate the indication of specific measurements not represented by law (3).

Note that the hypothetical acceleration of the expansion is credibly interpreted as the gravitational redshift of galactic light that, to reach us from the edge of the universe, has to travel near countless stars and galaxies.

In addition to the experimental verification on Earth of Zwicky hypothesis of Tired Light, Santilli and other scholars have constructed the novel "isomathematics" [4] for the representation of dynamics within physical media, with ensuing generalization of Galileo and special relativities collectively called "isorelativities" [5] (see Ref. [6] on the 1991 lectures delivered by Prof. Santilli at the ICTP, Trieste, Italy).

These studies predict the "release" of energy E = hν by light to cold media outlined above, as well as the "acquisition" of energy E = hν by light from hot media, which effects are collectively called "isoshifts" to emphasize the need of isomathematics for their derivation, and basic law

z = ± H d ------------- (4)

The Tired Light CosmoThe logy.
novel isocosmology includes Zwicky's Tired Light (isoredshift) locally complemented with the isoblueshift under a universal isosymmetry isomorphic to that of Dirac's equation (see Part III of ref. [1] and Ref. [7] for technical treatment). The basic law of isocosmology for the matter component of the universe is given by

z = ± v / c ± H d ---------- (5)

where, in general, the Doppler's term ^plusmn; v/c solely applies for local slow motions of galaies generally expressed in kilometers per hours, thus yielding no redshift measurable with our current technologies.

THE POLITICS IN COSMOLOGY

To reach a deeper understanding of the current disarray in cosmology, let us recall that a group of physicists was organized in the early 1930's to promote the validity of special relativity throughout the universe. This aim was achieved, as indicated, by interpreting the cosmological redshift of galactic light with the Doppler axiom of special relativity, Eq. (2).

Zwicky Tired Light Cosmology was strongly opposed by organized interests on the expansion of the universe because the hypothesis of Tired Light implies the alteration of light within physical media, with consequential inapplicability of special relativity.

In view of these implications, Zwicky was under pressures to dismiss his Tired Light hypothesis, to the point that even his wife was under pressures by the wives of supporters of special relativity to convince her husband for recanting his cosmology. In fact, Zwicky was forced to recant his theory as a condition to remain in academia.

The ongoing deprecable state in cosmology is the result of the suppression of scientific democracy for one century via the continuation of the the same harassment of qualified dissident scientists suffered by Zwicky.

Among recent examples, we should mention the astrophysicist Prof. Halton Arp who was forced to leave Harvard University because of his refusal to recant his experimental discovery of quasars physically connected to galaxies despite very large differences in their cosmological redshift. The reason for such a harsh treatment is due to the evident fact that Arp's pair invalidates the expansion of the universe, and that's the reason for which the study of Arp's pair continues to be prohibited in most orthodox circles. After leaving Harvard University, Arp was denied access to all astrophysical laboratories in the world (see, for instance, Ref. [8]]). Note that Arp's pair of physically connected quasars and galaxies with different redshifts can be numerically interpreted by the experimentally established law (3) [9], while providing a clear experimental dismissal of hypothesis (2).

Exactly the same harassment was suffered by Arp's colleague, Prof. R. M. Santilli, who was forced to leave Harvard University because his studies implied the inapplicability (rather than violation) of special relativity within physical media, even though Prof. Santili's research was covered by a grant from the U. S. Department of Energy, see the1984 book [10].

For any technical clarification of the above issues, please contact Prof. Santilli directly at his personal email research(at)i-b-r(dot)org

REFERENCES

[1] EPR debate on Cosmology http://eprdebates.org/no-universe-expansion.php

[2] H. Ahmar, G. Amato, J. V. Kadeisvili, J. Manuel, G. West, and O. Zogorodnia, "Additional experimental confirmations of Santilli's IsoRedShift and the consequential lack of expansion of the universe," Journal of Computational Methods in Sciences and Engineering, Vol. 13, page 321 (2013),
http://www.santilli-foundation.org/docs/IRS-confirmations-212.pdf

[3] P. A. Laviolette "Is the universe really expanding?" The Astrophysical Journal Vol. 301, 544 (1986) [4] R. M. Santilli, ``Nonlocal-Integral Isotopies of Differential Calculus, Mechanics and Geometries," in Isotopies of Contemporary Mathematical Structures," Rendiconti Circolo Matematico Palermo, Suppl. Vol. 42, p. 7-82 (1996),
http://www.santilli-foundation.org/docs/Santilli-37.pdf

[5] R. M. Santilli, Isotopic Generalizations of Galilei and Einstein Relativities, Vols. I and II, International Academic Press (1991),
http://www.santilli-foundation.org/docs/Santilli-01.pdf www.santilli-foundation.org/docs/Santilli-61.pdf

[6] A. K. Aringazin, A. Jannussis, F. Lopez, M. Nishioka and B. Vel-janosky, Santilli's Lie-Isotopic Generalization of Galilei and Einstein Relativities, Kostakaris Publishers, Athens, Greece (1993),
www.santilli-foundation.org/docs/Santilli-108.pdf

[7] R. M. Santilli, Isodual Theory of Antimatter with Applications to Antigravity, Grand Unifications and Cosmology, Springer (2006),
www.santilli-foundation.org/docs/santilli-79.pdf

[8] J. Dunning-Davies, Exploding a Myth: Conventional Wisdom or Scientific Truth?, Horwood Publishing (2007).

[9] R. Mignani, Quasars redshift in isominkowski space, Physics Essays 5 531-539 (1992),
http://www.santilli-foundation.org/docs/Santilli-31.pdf

[10] R. M. Santilli Il Grande Grido - Ethical Problem of Einstein followers in the U.S.A: An Insider's View, (1984) and Documentation of Il Grande Grido, Vols. I, II and III (1985), Alpha Publishing, Nonantum, MA, U.S.A.,,
http://www.santilli-foundation.org/IlGrandeGrido.htm

[11] R. M. Santilli, "Experimental verifications of isoredshift with possible absence of universe expansion, big bang, dark matter and dark energy," The Open Astronomy Journal {\bf 3}, 124 (2010), available as free download from
http://www.santilli-foundation.org/docs/Santilli-isoredshift.pdf

[12] R. M. Santilli, Elements of Hadronic Mechanics, Volumes I (1995), II (1995), III (2016), Ukraine Academy of Sciences,
http://www.i-b-r.org/Elements-Hadrfonic-Mechanics.htm

[13] R. M. Santilli, Overview of historical and recent verifications of the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen argument that 'quantum mechanics is not a complete theory' with applications to physics, chemistry and biology, APAV - Accademia Piceno Aprutina dei Velati, Pescara, Italy (2021),
http://www.santilli-foundation.org/epr-overview-2021.pdf

https://books.google.fr/books?printsec=frontcover&id=KnzBDjnGIgYC&hl=fr#v=onepage&q&f=false

July 4, 2012

EXPERIMENTAL DISMISSAL OF THE UNIVERSE EXPANSION, ACCELERATION OF THE EXPANSION, BIG BANG, SPACE EXPANSION, DARK MATTER, AND DARK ENERGY

Richard Anderson
The R. M. Santilli Foundation
http://www.santilli-foundation.org
http://www.world-lecture-series.org

Summary
The Italian-American scientist Ruggero Maria Santilli (Curriculum) has dedicated decades of mathematical, theoretical and experimental research via his axiom-preserving isotopies of 20th century theories for the representation of interior dynamical problems (extended particles and electromagnetic waves propagating within physical media), which studies have established that the presence of energy (or matter) causes a mutation of spacetime experimentally verified in various fields. The verification reported in this announcement is the experimental confirmation of Santilli 1991 prediction that the redshift of the sun at sunset and sunrise is due to loss of energy by light to our atmosphere without any relative motion between the source, the medium and the observer (Santilli 1991 IsoRedShift), and without any credible contribution from photon decomposition of light, absorption or scattering. These experiments have confirmed F. Zwicky 1929 hypothesis that the cosmological redshift is due to loss of energy by light to intergalactic gases without any need for the expansion of the universe (Zwicky 1929 Tired Light), although not according to the 1929 scattering origin (which has been dismissed at the astrophysical and laboratory levels), but according to Santilli's IsoRedShift (Zwicky-Santilli effect).

Santilli's mathematical, theoretical and, above all, experimental results entirely dismiss the expansion of the universe, the acceleration of the expansion, the big bang and the expansion of space itself, all implying a return to Middle Ages with Earth at the center of the universe, because the cosmological redshift and its increase are the same for the same distance from Earth in all directions in space, a conclusion that persists also for the hyperbolic conjecture that space itself is expanding due to the claimed acceleration of the expansion. The lack of existence of dark matter and dark energy is established by the same experiments, since Santilli IsoRedShift provides an exact representation of all anomalies in cosmological redshifts with direct experimental information on innergalactic and intergalactic media.

In addition to Santilli's dismissal, 20th century cosmological conjectures have reached a self-destructive stage due to: 1) Excessively far fetched implications (e.g., entire galaxies at the edge of the known universe are proffered to traveling faster than the speed of light in vacuum); 2) Gross internal inconsistencies (e.g., per very definition of explosions, the big bang would require the universe to be empty for about 13.7 billion light years from Earth, with galaxies then decreasing in speed, in dramatic disagreement with astrophysical evidence, while the background radiation can be easily proved to have been absorbed by galaxies and intergalactic media billions of years ago); and 3) Large failures in representing the intended conditions (e.g., dark matter and dark energy cannot possibly provide any measurable effect when equally distributed, and they demand the contraction of galaxies and of the universe, respectively, according to Einstein gravitation). All in all, Santilli has initiated a much overdue new renaissance in cosmology along Galileo's teaching that we must first achieve rigorous mathematical representations and experimental verifications on Earth, prior to applying our views to the universe in a scientifically and financially accountable way.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. Historical Notes

2. Santilli isomathematics

3. The Universal Lorentz-Poincare'-Santilli Isosymmetry.

4. Santilli IsoRedShift, IsoBlueShift and NoIsoShift

5. Experimental Evidence of Causal Super/SubLuminal Speeds

6. Compatibility of Super/SubLuminal Speeds with Einstein's Axioms

7. Experimental Verification of Santilli IsoRedShift, IsoBlueShift and NoIsoShift

8. Experimental dismissal of the Universe Expansion, Acceleration of the Expansion, expansion of space, Big Bang, Space Expansion, Dark Matter and Dark Energy.

9. Corruption on photons, absorption and scattering.

LEGAL NOTE

REFERENCES

1. Historical Notes
Immediately following the discovery in 1929 of the cosmological redshift by Edwin Hubble [1], Fritz Zwicky [2] submitted the hypothesis of the "Tired Light," according to which light loses energy during the long travel to reach Earth due to scattering with intergalactic gases without any need for the expansion of the universe. However, it was known since that time, and it has been recently confirmed at the astrophysical as well as laboratory levels, that scattering cannot cause redshift. Consequently, the exact validity of Einsteinian axioms was assumed throughout the universe, with particular reference to the Doppler shift law, resulting in the contemporary chain of sequential conjectures on expansion of the universe, acceleration of the expansion, big bang, etc.

Figure 1. Let us recall that:

Hubble's law establishes that the cosmological redshift is the same for all galaxies having the same distance from Earth in all directions in space.

Consequently, the conjectures on the expansion of the universe, the acceleration of the expansion and the big bang necessarily imply a return to the Middle Ages with Earth at the center of the universe. The is the reason Edwin Hubble, Louis de Broglie, Enrico Fermi and other famous scientists dies without believing in the expansion of the universe [49].

Despite that, Edwin Hubble, as well as distinguished scientists such as the Nobel Laureates Louis de Broglie and Enrico Fermi as well as others, died without accepting the expansion of the universe because they could not accept its direct consequence, namely, the return to the Middle Ages with Earth at the center of the universe since, from the very Hubble law, the cosmological redshift and its acceleration are the same for the same distance from Earth in all direction in space.

2. Santilli isomathematics
In this announcement, we outline the studies by the Italian-American scientist R. M. Santilli (Curriculum) initiated at the Center for Theoretical Physics of MIT from 1974 to 1977, continued at the Department of Mathematics of Harvard University under DOE support from 1977 to 1981 and completed at the Institute for Basic Research in Florida. The objective of these studies was a solution of the historical Lorentz problem, namely, the universal invariance of all locally varying speeds of electromagnetic waves propagating within a physical medium (think of radio, infrared and other waves for which the reduction to photons has no sense, as shown below)

(1) C = c / n(t, r, v, d, ω, ...)

where the familiar index of refraction n has the known functional dependence on time t, distance r, speed v, density d, frequency ω, and other variables.

Santilli soon realized that Lorentz failed to achieve said invariance, and had to restrict his studies to the case with constant speed c, because of structural insufficiencies of the mathematics of the time (numerical fields, functional analysis, metric spaces, Lie theory, etc.) since it was developed to treat linear, local and Hamiltonian systems, while the historical Lorentz problem is structurally nonlinear, nonlocal and non-Hamiltonian (i.e., not representable with a Hamiltonian).

Figure 2. When exposed to interior dynamical problems (extended objects moving within a physical medium), such as a satellite during reentry or a proton in the core of a star, a general posture is that their irreversibility, nonconservative and non-Hamiltonian characters are "illusory" (sic!) because, when the satellite is reduced to elementary particles and the proton is reduced to its (claimed) point-like constituents - so the posture says - Einstein's theories and quantum mechanics are recovered exactly. During his graduate studies in mathematics, physics and chemistry in the mid 1960s, Santilli established that this posture is fundamentally inconsistent via his celebrated

SANTILLI 1965 NO REDUCTION THEOREM: An irreversible and nonconservative system cannot be consistently reduced to a finite number of reversible and conservative constituents (see, e.g., the latest review [4]).

This theorem establishes that, rather than being universally valid for all possible conditions existing in the universe, Einstein's theories and quantum mechanics are solely valid under the physical conditions for which they were conceived and experimentally verified (reversible, conservative, Hamiltonian, exterior dynamical problems of point-particles and electromagnetic waves propagating in vacuum). Hence, Santilli 1965 No Reduction Theorem has clear historical proportions inasmuch as it defined clear boundaries of exact validity of 20th century doctrines and the broader conditions for their structural generalization, besides terminating the widespread scientific scam according to which entropy, thermodynamical laws and similar physical realities are merely "illusory" (sic!). By recalling g that "point-like wavepackets" (necessary for the above "illusion") solely exist in adulterated minds, Santilli proved that the irreversibility, nonconservative and non-Hamiltonian characters of macroscopic events, rather than "disappearing," originate instead at the ultimate, most elementary structure of nature, and set in this way his 50 years long scientific journey for the structural generalization of 20th century mathematical, physical and chemical theories (see the general reviews [58,59].

Following extended studies in the insufficiency of available mathematics, Santilli initiated the construction of a new mathematics specifically intended for the representation of interior dynamical problems, namely, nonlinear, nonlocal and non-Hamiltonian systems of extended particles and electromagnetic waves propagating within generally inhomogeneous and anisotropic media (such as our atmosphere).

During these efforts, Santilli first required the condition that the representation must verify the same invariance over time as that of conventional linear, local and Hamiltonian systems, namely, predicting the same numerical values under the same conditions at different times.

Additionally, Santilli insisted in preserving the axioms of 20th century mathematics and merely search for broader realizations, for the evident intent of assuring continuity of thought as well as the covering character of the emerging new theories. For this reason, he called his methods axiom-preserving isotopies (or isotopic liftings), and called the resulting new mathematics isomathematics, where the prefix "iso" is used in the Greek meaning of preserving the original abstract axioms.

Following numerous publications not listed here for brevity, Santilli summarized his initial results in his two monographs published by Springer-Verlag [3] which initially appeared as MIT preprints, but where released for publication under Harvard's affiliation following the delivery there of a post Ph. D. Seminar Course on the field.

Volume [3a] presents the main mathematical tool, the conditions of variational self-adjointness, with a vast historical search and numerous applications. Volume [3b] presents Santilli step-by-step isotopic lifting of the various branches of Lie's theory (enveloping associative algebras, Lie algebras, Lie groups, etc.) according to the following elemental lines:

1) The lifting of the conventional associative product AB of the enveloping algebra between generic quantities A, B, into the form

(2) AB => A⊗B = AT^*B, T^* > 0,

characterized by the most general possible quantity T^* called the isotopic element, solely restricted by the condition of being positive definite. As one can see, the new product A⊗B is still associative, thus called isoassociative product or isoproduct for short;

3) The consequential lifting of the Lie product

(3) [A, B] = AB - BA => [A, B]^* = A⊗B - B⊗A = AT^*B - BT^*A,

that still verifies Lie's axioms, and it is called iLie-Santilli isoproduct; and

3) The axiom-preserving lifting of Lie transformation groups, e.g., for the one-dimensional time evolution

(4) U = exp(H t i) => U^* = exp(H T^* t i)

today called Lie-Santilli isogroups, which prove the clear nonlinear, nonlocal and non-Hamiltonian character of the isotopic theory due to the appearance of the integro-differential element T^* in the exponent of the transformation laws.

Figure 3. After joining the Department of Mathematics of Harvard University in the late 1970s, Santilli initiated systematic studies to achieve a geometric representation of reversible interior problems within physical media (such as our atmosphere) that are generally inhomogeneous (because of the variation of the density with the elevation) and anisotropic (because of Earth's rotation). He soon discovered that all geometries available at one of the most important mathematics departments in the U.S.A. (such as the Minkowskian, Riemannian, Fynslerian, and other geometries) could not provide a quantitative representation of the media considered under the conditions of: admitting the conventional Minkowskian geometry for the vacuum for null density; being invariant over time (predicting the same numbers under the same conditions at different times); and being axiom-preserving for necessary scientific continuity prior to broader theories for irreversible conditions. Additionally, the interior conditions here referred to cannot be consistently reduced to 20th century theories because of Santilli 1965 No Reduction Theorem (Figure 1). In view of this insufficiencies, he had no other choice, as a physicist, than the construction of an entirely new mathematics, today known as Santilli isomathematics, specifically conceived for quantitative representations of reversible interior dynamical problems as a particular case of the yet broader Santilli genomathematics for irreversible interior problems (see, e.g., Santilli iso-Minkowskian geometry [22] that verifies all requested conditions).

In volume [3b], Santilli also presented in detail a classical realization of the Lie-Santilli isotheory that he called Birkhoffian mechanics, and consists of the mechanics derivable from the most general possible first-order action principle, while the brackets of the time evolution law constitute the most general possible classical realization of Lie's axioms.

Remarkably, Santilli also proved in Volume [3b] the direct universality of the Birkhoffian mechanics, that is, the capability of representing all infinitely possible generally nonconservative and non-Hamiltonian Newtonian systems (universality) directly in the given frame of the observer (direct universality).

Subsequently, Santilli achieved the much needed invariance by embedding all nonlinear, nonlocal and non-Hamiltonian effects and interactions in the most general possible isotopic lifting I^* of the trivial unit 1 of 20th century mathematics, today known as Santilli isounit, which must be the inverse of the isotopic element and can be written in its simple diagonal form for (3+1)-dimensional theories

(5) I^* = Diag. (n₁², n₂²,, n₃²,, n₄²,) = 1 / T^* > 0

where n₄ is the index of refraction (providing a geometrization of the density normalized to the value 1 for the vacuum) and the components n_k provide a characterization of the medium (also normalized to the value 1 for the vacuum). It is evident that, under the systematic use of the isoproduct (1), I^* is indeed the left and right unit of the new theory, I^*⊗A = A⊗I^* = A for all elements A of the set considered.

The unit was selected for the representation of nonlinear, nonlocal and non-Hamiltonian effects because the unit is the only quantity assuring the crucial invariance over time of the resulting theory. By contrast, all other representations of nonlinear, nonlocal and non-Hamiltonian systems resulted to verify:

SANTILLI THEOREM OF CATASTROPHIC MATHEMATICAL AND PHYSICAL INCONSISTENCIES OF NONCANONICAL AND NONUNITARY THEORIES
(see the recent Ref. [4] and papers quoted therein):

Noncanonical and nonunitary theories, when elaborated via the mathematics of canonical and unitary theories, respectively, verify the following:

MATHEMATICAL INCONSISTENCIES: noncanonical and nonunitary theories do not preserve, by definition, their basic unit over time. Consequently, they lose over time the applicability of their basis numerical field with consequential catastrophic collapse of the entire mathematics structure, including the collapse of the consistent use of metric spaces, functional analysis, differential calculus, Lie theory, etc.

PHYSICAL INCONSISTENCIES: noncanonical and nonunitary theories do not preserve over time the basic units of measurements, do not predict the same numbers under the same conditions at subsequent time, do not preserve Hermiticity thus lacking the preservation over time of observables, admit solutions with the effect preceding the cause, and have other catastrophic physical inconsistencies.

It should be stressed that Santilli developed the new isomathematics for the specific intent of resolving all the inconsistencies of the above theorem, including most importantly the invariance over time for nonlinear, nonlocal and non-Hamiltonian interactions. To our best knowledge, Santilli's solution is the only possible because, besides the Hamiltonian, the unit is the only remaining invariant of any theory, thus leaving the representation of non-Hamiltonian interactions via generalized unit as the sole possible alternative. The indication of the existence of other ways of bypassing the above inconsistency for nonlinear, nonlocal and non-Hamiltonian theorems published in refereed journals (as it is the case for Santilli's solution) would be appreciated.

It should be noted that Ref. [4] also provide the Lie-admissible covering of Lie-isotopic theories for the representation of irreversible processes, thus providing the irreversible covering of the reversible outline of this announcement.

While visiting in 1993 the JINR in Dubna, Russia, Santilli [5] reinspected the historical classification of "numbers" into real, complex and quaternionic numbers, and discovered that the axioms of a numerical field do not necessarily require the unit to be the trivial number 1, since said unit can indeed be an arbitrary quantity, generally outside the original field, provided that the generalized unit is positive-definite and the set is equipped with the isoproduct (1).

This led to the discovery of new numbers, today known as Santilli isonumbers, including isoreal, isocomplex and isoquaternionic numbers, which permitted the formulation of isotopic theories over a numerical field, as needed for experiments. Note that, for consistency, all scalars quantities of isotopic theories, such as the coordinates, have to be isoscalars with the structure r^* = r I^* (see Ref. [5] for details), although this formal presentation will not be generally adopted for brevity in this informal announcement.

Despite the above vast efforts over decades, isotopic theories still misses the invariance over time so crucial for any theory to have a physical value. A breakthrough occurred in 1995 while Santilli was the organizer of an international conference at the Castle Prince Pignatelli in central Italy, during which he realized that, contrary to a popular belief in mathematics since Newton's time (sic!), the differential calculus does indeed depend on the unit of the base numerical field.

This led to the discovery of what is nowadays called Santilli isodifferential calculus with main expressions, first presented in memoir [6] of 1996

(6a) d^*r^* = T^* d [r I^*(t, r, v, ω, ... ....)],

(6b) ∂^*/∂^*r^* = I^* ∂/∂ [r I^*(t, r, v, ω, ...)]

where d is the ordinary differential. Santilli then provided a comprehensive presentation in the two monographs [7] of 1995 that remain the best in the field to this day.

The isotopic image of Lie's theory based on laws (2)-(6) is today known as Lie-Santilli isotheory [8-14]. A nice presentation of the above scientific journey, with particular reference to his stays at MIT and Harvard, is provided by Santilli in Lectures IIA and IIB available from Level II of the series www.world-lecture-series.org.

Figure 4. Figure 3. As it is well known, but never openly spoken in graduate schools in physics around the world, special relativity cannot be even defined, let alone applied, within a physical medium such as water for numerous reasons, such as: 1) Special relativity axioms cannot be defined due to the impossibility of having inertial reference systems within water; 2) Electrons can travel in water faster than the local speed of light (Cherenkov light); 3) The relativistic superposition law is violated because the sum of two local light speeds does not yield the local light speed; etc. When faced with this situation, a widespread posture is that of reducing electromagnetic waves to photons scattering among the water molecules for the generally unspoken intent of recovering Einsteinian theories and quantum mechanics at the level of photons moping in vacuum. Independently from his No Reduction Theorem (Figure 1), Santilli has proved that such a posture is fundamentally inconsistent on serious scientific grounds because the reduction to photons of all electromagnetic waves: A) Cannot be credibly claimed for radio waves with large wavelength (or even for infrared waves) which have the same phenomenology as light (refraction, etc.); B) Cannot represent refraction (because at the impact with the water surface photons will evidently scatter in all directions); C) Would imply the paradoxical consequence that a very large number of photons must pass through a very large number of nuclei in a straight line without an y significant scattering as a condition to represent the light propagation of this figure; and other inconsistencies (see, e.g., Ref. [46]). Santilli has, therefore, established that the "only" way to achieve a "scientific" (that is rigorous and quantitative) representation of the propagation of light within physical media is the return to the pre-Einsteinian conception according to Maxwell, Lorentz and others, according to which electromagnetic "waves" are transverse "waves" that, since we cannot have a "wave" within nothing, must be propagated by the ether as universal substratum.

3. The Universal Lorentz-Poincare'-Santilli Isosymmetry.
Following decades of studies in the prior construction of the isotopies of Lie's theory and related mathematics, Santilli solved the classical formulation of the historical Lorentz problem in one page of the 1983 letter published by the Italian Physical Society [15] with operator counterpart in a second letter of the same year [16].

In essence, Santilli realized that the lifting of Lie's theory generated by the isotopic element (6b) characterizes the lifting of the conventional Minkowski spacetime

7) x² = ( x^μ m_μν x^ν ) I = ( x₁² + x₂² + x₃² - t² c²) I,

with conventional metric anmd unit

(8) m = Diag. (1, 1, 1, - c²), I = Diag. (1, 1, 1, 1),

into the most general possible symmetric (non-singular) line element in (3+1)-dimension, today called Santilli IsoSpaceTime, that can be written in the diagonal form (see monograph [7b] for non-diagonal forms including those used by Dirac)

(9) x² = [ x^μg_μνx^ν ] I^* = {x^μ [ T^*_μ^ρ m_ρν ] x^ν} I^* =
= ( x₁²/n₁² + x₂²/n₂² + x₃²/n₃² - t² c²/n₄²) I^*

where the general isometric g, the isotopic element T^*, the isounit I^* and the characteristic quantities n_μ, μ = 1, 2, 3, 4, have the most general possible non-singular functional dependence,

(10a) g = g(x, v, a, E, d, ψ, ∂ψ, ...), I^* = I^*(x, v, a, E, d, ψ, ∂ψ, ...) = Diag. ( n₁², n₂², n₃², n₄²) = 1 / T^* > 0,

(10b) n_μ = n_μ(x, v, a, E, d, ψ, ∂ψ, ...) > 0, μ = 1, 2, 3, 4,

The application of rules (2)-(6) to the Lorentz symmetry then yielded the lifting of the Lorentz-Poincre' (LP) symmetry of spacetime (7) into the universal invariance of the IsoSpaceTime (9a), that can be written for isotransformations in the (3,4)-plane (again, see monograph [7b] for the general case

(11a) x'¹ = x¹, x'² = x ²,

(11b) x'³ = γ^* [ x³ - β^* x⁴ (n₃ / n₄) ],

(11c) x' ⁴ = γ^* [ x⁴ - β^* x³ ( n₄ / n₃) ].

where

(12) γ^* = 1 / ( 1 - β^*2 )^1/2, β^* = (v / n₃) / (c / n₄), x⁴ = t c

Figure 5. Santilli has established that the most political statement throughout the 20th century, which is still widely adopted in 21-st century physics around the world, is "the universal constancy of the speed of light c." By contrast, Einstein stated "the universal constancy of the speed of light in vacuum, which is indeed a serious scientific statement because mathematically rigorous (due to the Lorentz symmetry) and experimentally established (Michelson-Morley and other experiments). The crucial words "in vacuum" are removed from the statement for the unspoken intent of extending the validity of Einstein theories, from the vacuum, to all conditions that could conceivably exist in the universe. The scientific scam is easily unmasked by noting that there is no possibility of even verifying the constancy of the speed of light within physical media due to the impossibility of having inertial reference frames under resistive forces, and other huge inconsistencies. In reality, by recalling the No reduction Theorem (Figure 1) and the impossibility for a credible reduction to photons of electromagnetic waves propagating within physical media (Figure 3), Santilli has established that the speed of light is a local variable C = c/n, as necessary for a scientific representation of evidence. In turn, this establishes the importance of the historical Lorentz problem, namely, the achievement of the universal invariance of locally varying speeds of light C = c/n, that was solved by Santilli in one page of the letter paper [15], but following decades of prior mathematical studies [3-14].

Santilli then constructed the step-by-step isotopies of the totality of the various aspects of the Lorentz-Poincare' (LP) symmetry, including the isotopies of: the rotational symmetry [17]; the SU(2)-spin symmetry [18]; the Poincare' symmetry [19]; the spinorial covering of the Poincare' symmetry [20]; the SU(2)-isospin symmetry and local realism [21]l the Minkowskian geometry [22]; and other aspects presented in monograph [7b] that remains the most comprehensive presentation in the field to this day (see also the preceding announcement by our Foundation dated (11/09/09 http://www.santilli-foundation.org/Announcment-2.php).

The resulting symmetry is today known as the Lorentz-Poincare'-Santilli isosymmetry (see, e.g., independent references [6-14] and papers quoted therein). Santilli proved the "direct universality" of the LPS isosymmetry for all possible local speeds of light in Ref. [23] (see again Ref. [7b]). This important property was independently verified by various authors (see, e.g., Refs. [24,25]).

A webnar by Santilli in the LPS isosymmetry and some of its experimental verifications is available for free viewing or downloading in Lecture IIIA, Levl III of the series www.world-lecture-series.org .

4. Santilli IsoRedShift, IsoBlueShift and NoIsoShift
As it is well known, the Minkowski geometry and its LLP symmetry characterizes uniquely and unambiguously the conventional Doppler shift law, e.g., in the s-space direction that can be written in first order expansion

(13) (23) ω' ≈ ω / (1 ± v_sn/c n + ...)

As structurally inherent in the isotopies, the covering iso-Minkowskian geometry and its LPS isosymmetry characterize, also uniquely and unambiguously, the following covering of the Doppler law here also written for simplicity in first term expansion

(14) (23) ω' ≈ ω / (1 ± v_sn₄/c n_s + ...)

today known as the Doppler-Santilli IsoShift Frequency Law first achieved in Ref. [15] of 1983, elaborated in Refs. [26] of 1991, and treated in detail ion monograph [7b] of 1995. The reader should not be surprised at the fact that, while the Doppler shift is independent from the space direction, the Doippler-Santilli shift depends indeed from the selected direction in space due to the inhomogeneity and anisotropy of the medium.

A most important feature of isolaw (9) is that the n-characteristic quantities have a dependence on the velocities, thus admitting the particular case

(15) n₄ / n_s ≈ K c/v, K = cost.,

for which isolaw (9) becomes

(16) ω' ≈ ω / (1 ± K + ...)

and we have the following:

LEMMA 4A (15,26,7b]: Santilli iso-Minkowskian geometry and its universal Lorentz-Poincare'-Santilli isosymmetry predict a frequency shift for the propagation of electromagnetic waves within a (transparent) physical medium without any relative motion between the source, the medium and the observer.

Consequently, Santilli introduced the following hypotheses [loc. cit]:

I) The IsoRedShift (IRS), occurring with the sign - in isolaw (11) when light loses energy E = h v to a generally cold medium,

II) The IsoBlueShift (IBS), occurring for N = 0 ion isolaw (11) with the sign + in isolaw (11) when light acquires energy E = h v from a generally hot medium; and

III) The NoIsoShift (NIS), occurring when the energy lost by light to the medium is equal to the energy releases

Figure 6. A View of Santilli main hypothesis of 1991 [26b] according to which, in the transition from the zenoith (left) to the horizon (right), the entire spectrum of sunlight is shifted toward the red due to loss of energy by light to the atmosphere without any appreciable contribution from absorption or scattering (see Section 9).

Santilli saw a first apparent verification of his IRS in the radio communication of NASA satellites that, when passing in the back of a planet, apparently experience a decrease of their frequency when the radio wave passes through the planet atmosphere. If confirmed, this would be a verification of Santilli IRS because the decrease of the frequency occurs without any appreciable relative motion. NASA scientist receiving this message are requested the courtesy of permitting access to these data.

Santilli saw a second apparent verification of the IRS in the discovery by his colleague at Harvard, Halton Arp, of quasars physically connected to a galaxy according to clear gamma spectroscopic evidence, but the quasar and galaxy have dramatically different cosmological redshift [27].

By recalling the dismissal of Zwicky Tired Light on ground that scattering cannot cause redshift, Santilli achieved in Ref. [26b] a numerical representation of said large difference in cosmological redshift by simply noting that quasars have immense chromosphere compared to rather thin innergalactic gases, under which conditions light exits quasars and associated galaxies dramatically isoredshifted.

Finally, Santilli saw the primary expected verification of his IRS in the redness of the Sun at sunset that also occurs without appreciable relative motion between Earth and the Sun, and for which scattering cannot provide any numerical representation due to the size of the redshift as well as other reasons.

Consequently, Santilli then proposed a number of experiments to verify or dismiss the existence of his isoshift, among which we quote:

PROPOSED EXPERIMENT (Ref. [26b], page 330): Test the possible existence of the isoredshift in the transition of the sun from the zenith to sunset.

Mathematical, theoretical and experimental studies on Santilli IRS, IBS and NIS were the centerfold of the sessions on matter of the 2011 San Marino Workshop in Astrophysics and Cosmology for Matter and antimatter [27]. Lecture 6 by G. West and G. Amato available from the link http://www.world-lecture-series.org/san-marino-2011 for free viewing and downloading is a nice introduction to Santilli IsoShifts for non-initiated colleagues.

5. Experimental Evidence of Causal Super/SubLuminal Speeds
It has been believed since the advent of special relativity that the speed of light c is the maximal causal speed throughout the universe and that any speed bigger than c violates causality and other laws as implied by the conventional light cone, e.g., in the third space direction

(17) (6) x₃² - t² c² = 0

In reality, this is a political posture since the only scientific statement is that experimentally verified, namely, that "the speed of light c is the maximal causal speed for point particles in vacuum." One of the deepest implications of Santilli isorelativity and its underlying universal LPS isosymmetry is that of providing a description as causal, as that bin vacuum for arbitrary speed within physical media. This is evidently due to the fact that the conventional Minkowskian light cone is lifted into Santilli IsoLight Cone, e.g., in the s-direction

(18) x_s²/n_s² - t² c²/n₄² = 0

for which we have the <>br>

(19) V_{max, s} = c (n_s/n₄)

which is evidently arbitrarily bigger or smaller than c, depending on the conditions at hand.

According to vast evidence accumulated during the past thirty years via the fit of experimental data conducted via isomathematics, Santilli has established that subluminal maximal causal speed generally occur within physical media of low density (such as atmosphere or water), while superluminal maximal causal speeds occur within physical media of high density (such as those in the interior of hadrons, nuclei and stars).

Maximal Causal superluminal speeds are nowadays a scientific reality, as established in the following representative cases:

1) A necessary condition for the representation of "all" (and not just some) of the characteristics of hadrons is that their constituents travel at speeds faster than c [30-36]. This occurrence originates rather forcefully from the fact that, as it is typically the case for the neutron [33.34], the synthesis of hadrons from lighter constituents requires a "positive" binding energy for which the Schrodinger equation is inconsistent. The only possibility to achieve numerical representations of experimental data is that via the renormalization of the intrinsic characteristics of particles, called renormalization, that, in turn, can solely occur in an invariant way under superluminal speeds.

2) The exact fit from un-adulterated first principles of experimental data of events implying hyper dense hadronic media, such as the fireball of the Bose-Einstein correlation, necessarily implies superluminal causal speeds (13) [35,36].

3) Guenter Nimtz and his associates [37-41] have established experimentally the existence of Superluminal Communications by propagating electromagnetic waves within certain guides at a multiple of the speed of light in vacuum. Rather than disproving these measurements via counter-measurements as requested by scientific ethics, organized interest on Einstein dismiss Nimtz discovery on grounds that the superluminal character is restricted to the phase velocity, while in reality Nimtz has propagated an entire Beethoven symphony at superluminal speeds, thus establishing beyond credible doubt the existence of superluminal communications.

4) Large masses expelled at superluminal speeds following violent astrophysical explosions have been observed for decades (see, e.g., Ref. [42]). Scientists serious in serious science are expected to join me in the denunciation of organized interests on Einstein's doctrines for their documented suppression of due scientific process in the field, that via publications, and its replacement with schemes in the shadows. In fact, the expansion of astrophysical masses occurs quite clearly under contact non-Hamiltonian interactions for which any mention of Einsteinian theories is scientific corruption.

5) The CERN-GRAN SASSO collaboration announced in September 25, 2011 (after the presentation of superluminal causal speeds at the San Marino Workshop on Astrophysics and Cosmology, September 5 to 9, 2012), and subsequently confirmed the detection of neutrinos traveling underground at superluminal speeds [43]. The paper was submitted to the Journal of High Energy Physics (http://iopscience.iop.org/1126-6708) but it was rejected first on claims of violation of causality for neutrinos propagating underground (!). Following the knowledge of Santilli's causal characterization opf superluminal underground neutrinos, the rejection was done on claimed hyperbolic technical insufficiencies studiously selected in such a way not to be verifiable. In particular, the leader of the collaboration (called OPERA), the Italian experimentalist Antonio Ereditato, was forced to submit his resignations. Recall that any serious scientific process requires, particularly for experiments, first the publication of the results and then their dismissal also in refereed journal. Due to these blatantly unusual occurrences, our Foundation hired an Investigative Agency specialized in academic schemes with the resulting report:

Following the announcement at CERN/GRAN SASSO of the violation of Einstein special relativity by superluminal neutrinos, the world highest organized academic, financial and Jewish interests on Einstein theories converged at CERN by acquiring its control, forcing Dr. A. Ereditato to resign, and doing further questionable actions for the premeditated intent of discrediting the measurements of superluminal neutrinos via the abuse of power under large public funds, rather than the use of incontrovertible scientific evidence.

Unless this sinister dominance at CERN is reversed soon, and a serious scientific democracy is implemented there with the publication of all qualified advances and the publication of objections (rather than their voicing in dirty academic corridors), CERN, GRAN SASSO, FERMIAB and other particle physics laboratories around the world are headed toward a historical condemnation of scientific corruption.

Serious scientists are suggested to view Santilli's Lectures IA to IE in the www.world-lecture-series.org on the limitations of 20th century doctrines and the organized political machinations orchestrated by organized interests on Einstein doctrines to maintain their dominance under conditions never intended for and never experimentally verified.

6. Compatibility of Super/SubLuminal Speeds with Einstein's Axioms
A widespread belief in contemporary physics is that maximal superluminal or subluminal speeds violate Einstein theories. Santilli has shown that such a belief is essentially due to lack of technical knowledge of the field. In fact, in the forthcoming memoir [44], Santilli has shown that superluminal as well as subluminal speeds are indeed compatible with Einstein's abstract axioms.

In fact, Santilli has shown that isolight cone (18) can be written [44]

(20) x_s² - t² V_max² = 0

in which case isotransformations (11) acquire the conventional form

(21a) x'¹ = x¹, x'² = x ²,

(121b) x'³ = γ [ x³ - β x⁴ ],

(21c) x' ⁴ = γ [ x⁴ - β x³ ].

where

(22) γ = 1 / ( 1 - β² )^1/2, β = (v / V_max,s, x⁴ = t c

the sole difference between 20th century formulations and Santilli isotransformations being the replacement of c with the maximal causal speed (19). Therefore, Santilli has proved the following

LEMMA 6A [44]: The conventional Lorentz symmetry does not necessary require that the maximal causal speed has the numerical value in vacuum c = 300,000 km/sec, but characterize an arbitrary superluminal or subluminal speed under the appropriate physical conditions and mathematical treatment.

As Santilli puts it: Rather than the widespread abuse of Lorentz, Poincare', and Einstein names by applying their theories for conditions never intended for and never verified, the best way to honor their name is by broadening the representational capabilities of their axioms under the appropriate conditions and mathematical treatment.

In the final analysis, the full compatibility of superluminal and subluminal speeds with the Lorentz-Poincare' symmetry and Einstein axioms is inherent in the very definition and construction of Santilli isotopies.

7. Experimental Verification of Santilli IsoRedShift, IsoBlueShift and NoIsoShift
Following the prediction of the IRS, IBS and NIS in the late 1980s, Santilli proposed their experimental verification to virtually all qualified physics laboratories and institutions around the world, to be in return disqualified, rather than receive any serious appraisal. This is due to the fact that the mere considerations of the proposed experiments cause expulsion by the contemporary academic community because of the implied expectation of the violation of Einstein doctrines.

Figure 7. A View of the IsoShift Testing Station built by Santilli in 2009.

As a result, Santilli had no other alternative than that of doing the experiments himself. In this way, he built in 2009 at the research facilities of the Institute for Basic Research in Florida the now internationally known IsoShift Testing Station, consisting of: an air conditioned cabin containing a laser; a second air conditioned cabin containing the wavelength analyzer; and the interconnection of the laser and analyzer via a 60 feet long steel pressure tube.

Santilli then conducted systematic measurements for about one year of the wavelength of the (blue) laser light with a vacuum pulled out of the pressure tube and the wavelength of the laser light with the tube containing air at 2,000 psi. In this way he established the existence of his IRS as well as its increase with pressure, and presented these experimental results as well as the underling mathematical and physical formulations at the workshop Cosmology, the Quantum Vacuum, and Zeta Functions, held at the Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Spain, March 8-10, 2010 [45].

Figure 8. The historical first measurements of Santilli IsoRedShift in June 2009 (top view) and of its increase with pressure (bottom view) [46].

The experimental results were then published at the Open Astronomy Journal in 2010 [46], and as an invited paper at for the Proceedings of the International Conference on Numerical Analysis and Applied Mathematics, Rhodes, Greece, September 19-25, 2010 published by the American Institute of physics [47].

Subsequently, G. West and G. Amato [48] conducted systematic measurements for about one year that provided final experimental confirmation for the existence of Santilli IRS with air at pressure but at temperature below 70 F, measured for the first time Santilli IBS for air at pressure over 140 F and confirmed Santilli NIS for air at pressure at temperature between 70 F and 140 F.

Figure 9. A view of the equally historical measurements establishing the IsoRedShiuft origin of the redness of the sun at sunset, the main scan being that of the sun at the zenith and the second scan representing sunlight in decreasing elevation on the horizon [49].

All the above measurements were conducted for one monochromatic laser light. The measurements of the IRS for the sun in the transition from the zenith to the horizon required a telescope (to condense sunlight particularly at sunset and sunrise) and special analyzers capable of scanning the entire spectrum of sunlight. Santilli and his technicians secured three different wavelength analyzers meeting said requirement, conducted comprehensive measurements from June 2011 to May 2012, and achieved a systematic confirmation of the IRS origin of the redness of the sun at sunset and sunrise. The results were then published in June 2012by the Journal of Computational Methods in Sciences and Engineering [49].

Figure 10. An elaboration of the chromatographs of the precveding figure with the entire sunlight spectrum in yellow and sunlight spectrum at the norizon in red, with a clear identification of about 200 nm IsoRedShift [49].

The R. M. Santilli Foundation solicits the independent rerun of all measurements [45-49] and can provide funds for their re-runs by qualified physicists.

8. Experimental dismissal of the Universe Expansion, Acceleration of the Expansion, expansion of space, big Bang, Space Expansion, Dark Matter and Dark Energy.
As a result of his decades of mathematical, theoretical and experimental research on the propagation of electromagnetic waves within physical media, Santilli has established that the redness of the Sun at Sunset as is direct visual evidence, confirmed by comprehensive measurements, dismissing the widespread conjecture on the expansion of the universe [50]. The same results consequently dismiss the acceleration of the expansion [51], the big bang [52] and the expansion of space itself [554].

In fact, the redness of the sun at sunset establishes that the redshift occurs without any relative motion, thus being caused by Zwicky old hypothesis of light losing energy to intergalactic gases, only according to the new mechanisms of Santilli IRS, and will be hereon referred to as the Zwicky-Santilli effect. The same redness at sunset additionally provides visual evidence on the absence of the acceleration of the expansion because the redness of the sun at sunset clearly increases with the decrease of the elevation, namely, with the increase of the tangential travel of light in our atmosphere. The elimination of the expansion of the universe as well as of its acceleration then voids any remote need for the conjectures of the big bang and the expansion of space itself.

Independently from these clear experimental dismissals, 20th century cosmological conjectures have reached a self-destructive stage due to: 1) Excessively far fetched implications (e.g., entire galaxies at the edge of the known universe are proffered to traveling faster than the speed of light in vacuum);

2) Gross internal inconsistencies (e.g., per very definition of explosions, the big bang would require the universe to be empty for about 13.7 billion light years from Earth, with galaxies then decreasing in speed, in dramatic disagreement with astrophysical evidence, while the background radiation can be easily proved to have been absorbed by galaxies and intergalactic media billions of years ago); and

3) Large failure in representing the intended conditions (e.g., dark matter and dark energy cannot possibly provide any measurable effect when equally distributed, and they demand the contraction of galaxies and of the universe, respectively, according to Einstein gravitation).

When at Harvard Universe, Santilli had "irreconcilable disagreements" on the big bang with his colleagues here, Steven Weinberg, Shelly Glashow and Sidney Coleman (see Lectures I D and I E of www-world-lecture-series.org) because:

A) To be compatible with the expansion of the universe, the big bang must have occurred in the galactic vicinity of Earth, thus implying a return to the Middle Ages with Earth at the center of the universe;

B) By the very definition of "explosion" as per the Webster dictionary, the big bang would demand that the absence of galaxies for about 13.7 billion light years from Earth;

C) The essentially constant distribution of galaxies throughout the universe is in irreconcilable disagreement with any origin due to an explosion;

D) Also by the very definition of explosion, its debris slows down in time, a feature which is against the very objectives to be represented by the big bang conjecture;

E) As any graduate student can easily prove, the background radiation should have been absorbed by galaxies and gust billions of years ago and, therefore, cannot credibly be voiced in support of the big bang. By contrast, the Zwicky-Santilli effect does solve this additional inconsistency because the energy lost by galactic light to intergalactic media cannot be lost and provided a continuous source of energy for the background radiations until the end of the universe).

Figure 11. Following decades of mathematical, theoretical and experimental research, Santilli has established beyond credible doubt that the redness of the sun at sunset is visual evidence of the lack of expansion of the universe (because the redness is due to loss of energy by light to the medium without relative motion according to the IsoRedShift law. The same redness is also visual evidence of the absence of the acceleration of the expansion (because the redness increases with the decrease of the elevation, that is, with the increase of the travel by light within the atmosphere which is also according to the IsoRedShift law). Consequently, the same redness is visual evidence on the absence of the expansion of space itself. Finally, the same redness is visual evidence on the absence of the big bang, dark energy and dark matter [49].

In essence, the irreconcilable disagreement between Santilli and Weinberg, Glashow and Coleman was due to the fact that the big bang conjecture did succeed in derailing attention on unavoidable deviations from Einsteinian doctrines, but the conjecture does not represent the evidence for which it was intended (Santilli is reported asking to his colleagues at Harvard "show me the equations published in a refereed journal" for the representation of data.....).

To compound all the above, per se untenable, far reaching conjectures, there is the additional far fetched conjecture of the expansion of space itself, which constitutes the climax of widespread ethical decay in astrophysics and cosmology. In fact, the conjecture that space itself is expansion was proffered for the claimed intent of avoiding Earth at the center of the universe, while in reality serious scientists know that this claim is false evidently because the return to the Middle Ages with earth at the center of the universe is confirmed by the expansion of space itself due to the acceleration of the expansion that, again according to Hubble's law, must be the same for all galaxies having the same distance from Earth in all directions in space.

Ethical problems in contemporary astrophysics and cosmology are increased when passing to the further conjecture of dark matter. To begin, contrary to published claims, Vera Rubin [55] did not measure anomalous speeds in the dynamics of peripheral galactic stars, since she only "measured" their "cosmological redshift," tacitly assumed the exact validity of Einstein doctrines for galactic dynamics; she additionally assumed the exact validity of the Doppler's shift law in the gaseous media filling up galaxies ; and then she derived the "conjecture" of anomalous speeds.

Additionally, in the event equally distributed, dark matter cannot possibly generate any dynamical effects on individual peripheralgalactic stars. The sole possible effect would require dark matter be distributed ad hoc near a given star, with the consequence of catastrophic inconsistencies for the rest of the galaxy.

Finally, Newton universal gravitation requires that matter generates gravitational attraction. Therefore, in the event galaxies are filled up by the conjectural dark "matter," galaxies should contract, against evidence. In other words, the conjecture of dark matter is in dramatic disagreement with the most fundamental physical law, Newton's universal gravitation.

In short, as it was the case for the preceding conjectures, the conjecture of dark matter was studiously proffered for the unspoken intent of maintaining the validity of Einstein doctrines in the interior of galaxies, but the conjecture completely failed to represent the data for which it was intended ("show me the equations published in a refereed journal" ....).

The final conjecture of dark energy constitutes the climax of scientific politics in astrophysics and cosmology, with consequential unavoidable problems pertaining to scientific ethics and accountability. Again and again, as it was the case for all preceding conjectures, the yet additional extremely far reaching conjecture of the universe being filled by with a mysterious energy for about 95% of the total energy, was voiced for the unspoken intent of maintaining Einsteinian doctrines in their central pillar, the Energy equivalence law E = m c^2, not for the conditions intended by Einstein and experimentally verified (point particles in vacuum for which c is certainly the maximal causal speed), but for the interior of stars, quasars and black holes for which said law is a pure personal belief at this time.

The problems of scientific ethics and accountability are identified in all their implications by noting that the far reaching conjecture of dark energy does not represent the dynamics of the universe, trivially, because when uniformly distributed cannot possibly provide any measurable effect on individual galaxies ("show me the equations published in a refereed journal"...).

Additionally, as it was the case for dark energy, a central pillar of Einstein gravitation is that energy causes gravitational attraction. Consequently, under the presence of 95% dark energy, the universe should contract and positively "not" expand. Again, as a result of its organized interests on Einstein, the conjecture of dark energy did indeed succeed in achieving the unspoken intent of maintaining the validity of Eisteinian doctrines within the hyper-dense media inside stars, quasars and black holes, but the conjecture failed to represent the data for which it was intended, and it is in dramatic disagreement with Einstein gravitation.

All in all, Santilli has initiated a much overdue new renaissance in cosmology along Galileo teaching that we must first achieve rigorous mathematical representations and experimental verifications on Earth, prior to applying our views to the universe in a scientifically and financially accountable way.

A one hour documentary directed by John Pace reviewing the content of this announcement under the title A New Renaissance in Cosmology, Part I for Matter, is available for free release on a first come first serve basis.

9. Corruption on photons, absorption and scattering.
Corruption on photons: Albert Einstein discovered that "certain" (and definitely not all) frequencies of light are "absorbed" (and not propagated) by corresponding "certain" (and not all) atoms in a quantized way he called photons, and justly obtained the Nobel Prize. By contrast, for the specific, but unspoken, intent of maintaining the validity of Eisenstein doctrines within physical media, organized interests on Einstein reduce to photons "all" electromagnetic waves when "propagating" within physical media.

This reduction is scientific corruption when proffered by experts for numerous reasons. To begin, the reduction to photons is clearly fraudulent for radio, infrared and other waves with large wavelengths that experience the same phenomenology of light. Additionally, the scientific scam is easily identified by the fact that the reduction to photons of light propagating in water (or other transparent media) is well known to be unable of any numerical representation of the experimental evidence, as established in Figure 3.

The scientific scam for personal gains is easily proved by asking: "show me the equations published in a refereed journal" representing all experimental evidence for a light beam propagating in water when reduced to photons. You can be sure there is none because there cannot be any. The only scientific (that is, numerical) representation of the evidence is that via the return to the Maxwell representation of light (as well as photons wavepackets when applicable) as transverse electromagnetic "waves" propagated by the ether as a universal substratum.

Corruption on absorption: When faced with the redness of the sun at the horizon, a popular scheme intended again for the unspoken aim of preserving Einsteins theories, is that the redness is due to the absorption by our atmosphere of frequencies except red. This is another scientific scam when proffered by top physicists at leading institutions (Princeton, Harvard, Cornell, Berkeley, etc.) because the sky is blue when the sun is at the zenith, thus establishing the well known physical law that red light is rapidly absorbed over the more penetrating blue frequencies.

Since red light cannot reach us following the short radial travel of about 60 miles in atmosphere, the idea that red light could reach us following the much longer tangential travel of about 6,000 miles at the horizon is sheer scientific corruption that must be identified and denounced as such if we care for our own dignity.

In any case, the scientific scam is easily unmasked by asking "show me the equations published in a refereed journal" representing via absorption about 200 nm of redshift of sunlight at the horizon of the "entire" spectrum of sunlight. You can be sure there is none because absorption is characterized by the air molecules. Consequently, the sole scientific way to have a frequency shift due to absorption is by replacing the entire Earth atmosphere (see the persistence of unchanged absorption lines with the increase of redness in Figure 8).

Corruption on scattering: When faced with the redness of the sun at the horizon, yet another posture, equally intended for the unspoken aim of preserving the validity of Einstein's doctrines in our inhomogeneous and anisotropic atmosphere, is that the redshift is caused by scattering of light among the molecules of our atmosphere. The scientific corruption in this case is quite serious because of the evident double standard:

A) For the cosmological redshift, Zwicky hypothesis of its scattering origin has been vociferously dismissed and discredited by a world wide coordinated action at high levels of the physics community to maintain the validity of Einstein theories in the universe.

B) When passing to the redness of the sun at sunset, since it visibly occurs without relative motion, the scattering hypothesis is then accepted at the highest levels of the best physics departments (sic!), again, to preserve the validity of Einstein's theories in our atmosphere.

The scientific reality is that scattering cannot occur along a straight line for any scientist to be serious because, according again to the Webster Dictionary, "scattering" means a disorderly dispersal of light in all directions, while the redness of the sun at the horizon occurs for "direct" sunlight, thus excluding contributions from the surrounding atmosphere.

The scientific corruption on scattering is also easy to unmask by asking "show me the equations published in a refereed journal" providing a "numerical" representation via scattering of the measured redshift of the "entire" spectrum of the sun for about 200 nm. You can be sure there is none because there cannot be any.

There is a limit in scams and manipulations of scientific knowledge by organized interests on Einstein for their personal gains beyond which serious scientists are not expected to cooperate in order to avoid becoming accomplices or, worse, servants on schemes against mankind.

LEGAL NOTE
Santilli introduced in 1967 (sic) the deformations of Lie algebras with product (A, B) = pAB - qBA (see Eq. (8) page 573, Ref. [57]). L. Biedenharn introduced in 1986 the smaller deformations (A, B) = AB - qBA without quoting Santilli's origination in 1967 despite his documented awareness of Ref. [57] (in fact, Santilli and Biedenharn applied in 1981 to the DOE for a joint grant on the 1967 deformations of Lie algebras).

As a result of the fraudulent 1986 paper by Biedenharn, over ten thousand papers were then published, and continued to be published in q-deformations without any quotation whatsoever of their origination by Santilli in 1967, despite all possible petitions to editors and authors alike (see, e.g., the Notice to Cease and Desist to the Journal of Mathematical Physics, http://www.scientificethics.org/JMP.htm), as a result of which Santilli has been dubbed "the most plagiarized scientist of the 20th century."

To have an idea of the real condition of physics in the U.S.A, one should additionally take into account: the still unresolved assassination of Eugene Mallove five years ago following his harsh criticisms to MIT; life threats to qualified dissident physicists; the organized prohibition to Halton Arp in the 1980 to have access to any astrophysics observatory anywhere in the world; the prohibition to R. M. Santilli for participating to meetings under public financial support, including prohibition for participation to a meeting in 1992 on hadronic mechanics, a field he originated and remains the most qualified contributor; and other acts of organized scientific gangsterisms perpetrated under large public funds due to complacent federal granting officers and a supportive U. S. Congress (see, e.g., http://www.scientificethics.org/ and other website on scientific ethics).

Our Foundation has been founded and amply funded to protect hereon Santilli's scientific paternities. Due to the unprecedented collapse of ethics in the mathematical, physical and chemical communities, our Foundation has hired a National Law Firm specialized in paternity frauds, which firm has authorized us to release the following statement:

The R. M. Santilli Foundation owns or is in the process of acquiring the copyrights and other intellectual rights on the entire scientific production by Prof. R. M. Santilli. In that capacity, the R. M. Santilli Foundation hereby authorizes anybody anywhere to copy in part or in full any work by Prof. Santilli, irrespective of whether in support or against, under the sole condition of quoting the original contributions by Prof. Santilli, jointly with any other desired contributions, but all quotations being in the proper chronological order. In the event of any plagiarism of Prof. Santilli scientific paternity (for the case of this announcement, any work released anywhere on frequency shift in the absence of relative motion without quoting in chronological order with other works at least Refs. [15, 46,49]), lawsuits will be filed against administrative conduits, authors, editors, publishers and federal grant officers (if applicable) without advance notice.

In short, serious scientists should be sure that they will be treated with utmost respect. Communications on patrtnity fraud of Santilli discoveries are solicited, kept confidential and rewarded. Legal fixing will be provided for crooks who dream of scamming with impunity.

REFERENCES

[1] E. Hubble, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of Amer- ica, 15, 168 (1929).

[2] F. Zwicky, "On the Red Shift of Spectral Lines through Interstellar Space," Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 15, 773 (1929)
http://www.pnas.org/cgi/reprintframed/15/10/773

[3] R. M. Santilli, Foundation of Theoretical Mechanics, Volume I (1978) [3a], and Volume II (1982) [3b], Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg, Germany,
http://www.santilli-foundation.org/docs/Santilli-209.pdf
http://www.santilli-foundation.org/docs/santilli-69.pdf

[4] R. M. Santilli, "Lie-admissible invariant representation of irreversibility for matter and antimatter at the classical and operator levels," Nuovo Cimento B bf 121, 443 (2006),
http://www.santilli-foundation.org/docs/Lie-admiss-NCB-I.pdf

[5] R. M. Santilli, "Isonumbers and Genonumbers of Dimensions 1, 2, 4, 8, their Isoduals and Pseudoduals, and 'Hidden Numbers' of Dimension 3, 5, 6, 7," Algebras, Groups and Geometries Vol. 10, 273 (1993),
http://www.santilli-foundation.org/docs/Santilli-34.pdf

[6] R. M. Santilli, "Nonlocal-Integral Isotopies of Differential Calculus, Mechanics and Geometries," in Isotopies of Contemporary Mathematical Structures, P. Vetro Editor, Rendiconti Circolo Matematico Palermo, Suppl. Vol. 42, 7-82 (1996),
http://www.santilli-foundation.org/docs/Santilli-37.pdf

[7] R. M. Santilli, Elements of Hadronic Mechanics, Volumes I p7a] and II [7b], Ukraine Academy of Sciences, Kiev, second edition 1995,
http://www.santilli-foundation.org/docs/Santilli-300.pdf
http://www.santilli-foundation.org/docs/Santilli-301.pdf

[8]A. K. Aringazin, A. Jannussis, F. Lopez, M. Nishioka and B. Veljanosky, Santilli's Lie-Isotopic Generalization of Galilei and Einstein Relativities, Kostakaris Publishers, Athens, Greece (1991),
http://www.santilli-foundation.org/docs/Santilli-108.pdf

[9] D. S. Sourlas and G. T. Tsagas, Mathematical Foundation of the Lie-Santilli Theory, Ukraine Academy of Sciences 91993),
http://www.santilli-foundation.org/docs/santilli-70.pdf

[10] J. V. Kadeisvili, "Foundations of the Lie-Santilli Isotheory," in Isotopies of Contemporary Mathematical Structures, P. Vetro Editor, Rendiconti Circolo Matematico Palermo, Suppl. Vol. 42, 7-82 (1996),
http://www.santilli-foundation.org/docs/Santilli-37.pdf

[11] J. V. Kadeisvili, Santilli's Isotopies of Contemporary Algebras, Geometries and Relativities, Ukraine Academy of Sciences, Second edition (1997),
http://www.santilli-foundation.org/docs/Santilli-60.pdf

[12] Chun-Xuan Jiang, Foundations of Santilli Isonumber Theory, International Academic Press (2001),
http://www.i-b-r.org/docs/jiang.pdf

[13] R. M. Falcon Ganfornina and J. Nunez Valdes, Fundamentos de la Isoteoria de Lie-Santilli, (in Spanish), International Academic Press (2001),
http://www.i-b-r.org/docs/spanish.pdf

[14] J. Lohmus, E. Paal, and L. Sorgsepp, Nonassociative Algebras in Physics , International Academic Press, 1994),
http://www.santilli- foundation.org/docs/Lohmus.pdf

[15] R. M. Santilli, "Lie-isotopic Lifting of Special Relativity for Extended Deformable Particles," Lettere Nuovo Cimento {\bf 37}, 545 (1983),
http://www.santilli-foundation.org/docs/Santilli-50.pdf

[16] R. M. Santilli, "Lie-isotopic Lifting of Unitary Symmetries and of Wigner's Theorem for Extended and Deformable Particles," Lettere Nuovo Cimento Vol. 38, 509 (1983),
http://www.santilli-foundation.org/docs/Santilli-51.pdf

[17] R. M. Santilli, ''Isotopies of Lie Symmetries," I (basic theory) and II (isotopies of the rotational symmetry), Hadronic J. Vol. 8, 36 (1985), http://www.santilli-foundation.org/docs/santilli-65.pdf [18] R. M. Santilli, "Isotopic Lifting of the SU(2) Symmetry with Applications to Nuclear Physics," JINR rapid Comm. Vol. 6. 24-38 (1993),
http://www.santilli-foundation.org/docs/Santilli-19.pdf

[19] R. M. Santilli, "Nonlinear, Nonlocal and Noncanonical Isotopeis of the Poincare' Symmetry," Moscow Phys. Soc. Vol. 3, 255 (1993),
http://www.santilli-foundation.org/docs/Santilli-40.pdf

[20] R. M. Santilli, "Recent theoretical and experimental evidence on the synthesis of the neutron," Communication of the JINR, Dubna, Russia, No. E4-93-252 (1993), published in the Chinese J. System Eng. and Electr. Vol. 6, 177 (1995,
http://www.santilli-foundation.org/docs/Santilli-18.pdf

[21] R. M. Santilli, "Isorepresentation of the Lie-isotopic SU(2) Algebra with Application to Nuclear Physics and Local Realism," Acta Applicandae Mathematicae Vol. 50, 177 (1998),
http://www.santilli-foundation.org/docs/Santilli-27.pdf

[22] R. M. Santilli, "Isominkowskian Geometry for the Gravitaitonal Treatment of Matter and its Isodual for Antimatter," Intern. J. Modern Phys. D {\bf 7}, 351 (1998),
http://www.santilli-foundation.org/docs/Santilli-35.pdf

[23] R. M. Santilli, "Direct universality of isospecial relativity for photons with arbitrary speeds" in {\it Photons: Old problems in Light of New Ideas,} V. V. Dvoeglazov Editor Nova Science (2000), available for free downlaod from
http://www.santilli-foundation.org/docs/Santilli-24.pdf

[24] J. V. Kadeisvili, "Direct universality of the Lorentz-Poincare'-Santilli isosymmetry for extended-deformable particles, arbitrary speeds of light and all possible spacetimes" in {\it Photons: Old problems in Light of New Ideas,} V. V. Dvoeglazov Editor, Nova Science (2000, available as free download from
http://www.santilli-foundation.org/docs/Santilli-25.pdf

[25[ A. K. Aringazin and K. M. Aringazin, "Universality of Santilli's iso-Minkowskian geometry" in {\it Frontiers of Fundamental Physics,} M. Barone and F. Selleri, Editors Plenum 91995), available as free download from
http://www.santilli-foundation.org/docs/Santilli-29.pdf

[26] R. M. Santilli, Isotopic Generalizations of Galilei and Einstein Relativities, Vols. I [26a] and II [26b] (1991), Ukraine Academy of Sciences
http://www.santilli-foundation.org/docs/Santilli-01.pdf
http://www.santilli-foundation.org/docs/Santilli-61.pdf

[27] H. Arp. Quasars Redshift and Controversies. Interstellar Media, Berkeley (1987).

[28] R. Anderson, Editor, San Marino Workshop on Astrophysics and Cosmology for Matter and Antimatter, September 5 to 9, 2011m website
http://www.workshops-hadronic-mechanics.org
The main lectures are available in free view or download from the link
http://www.world-lecture-series.org/san-marino-2011

[29] R. M. Santilli, "Can strong interactions accelerate particles faster than the speed of light?" Lettere Nuovo Cimento {\bf 33}, 145 (1982)
www.santilli-foundation.org/docs/Santilli-102.pdf

[30] F. Cardone, R. Mignani and R. M. Santilli, "On a possible energy-dependence of the Ko/s lifetime," J. Phys. G: Part. Phys. {\bf 18}, L61-L65 (1992)
http://www.santilli-foundation.org/docs/Santilli-32.pdf

[31] F. Cardone, R. Mignani and R. M. Santilli, "On a possible energy-dependence of the Ko/s lifetime," J. Phys. G: Part. Phys. {\bf 18}, L141-L144 (1992)
http://www.santilli-foundation.org/docs/Santilli-32.pdf

[32] Yu. Arestov, R. M. Santilli and V. Solovianov, "Experimental evidence on the iso-Minkowskian character of the hadronic structure," Found. Phys. Letters {\bf 11}, 483-493 (1998),
http://www.santilli-foundation.org/docs/Santilli-52.pdf

[33] J. V. Kadeisvilki, ''The Rutherford-Santilli Neutron," Hadronic J. 31, 1 (2008),
http://www.i-b-r.org/Rutherford-Santilli-II.pdf
also available in htlm format from the website
http://www.i-b-r.org/Rutherford-Santilli-neutron.htm

[34] R. M. Santilli, "The etherino and/or the Neutrino Hypothesis?" Found. Phys. 37, p. 670 (2007)
www.santilli-foundation.org/docs/EtherinoFoundPhys.pdf

[35] R. M. Santilli, "Nonlocal formulation of the Bose-Einstein correlation within the context of hadronic mechanics," Hadronic J. Vol. 15, pages 1-134 (1992)
http://www.santilli-foundation.org/docs/Santilli-116.pdf

[36] F. Cardone and R. Mignani, "Metric description of hadronic interactions from Bose-Einstein correlation," JETP Volume 83, pages 10434448 (1996)
http://www.santilli-foundation.org/docs/Santilli-130.pdf

[37] A. Enders and G. Nimtz, J- Phys.I (France) {\bf 2},, 1693-1698 (1992)

[38] A. Enders and G.Nimtz, Phys. Rev.B {\bf47}, 9605-9609 (1993)

[39] A. Enders and G. Nimtz, Phys. Rev. E, {\bf 48}, 632-634 (1993)

[40] G. Nimtz, Foundations in Physics, {\bf 41}, 1193-1199 (2011)

[41] G. Nimtz, "Experimental evidence of superluminal communications," contributed paper to the Proceedings of the San Marino Workshop on Astrophysics and Cosmology for Matter and Antimatter, Republic of San Marino, September 5 to 9, 2011, in press,

[42] A. Bunthaler, H. Falcke, G. C. Bower et al., III Zw2, The first superluminal jet in a Sayfert galaxy, A\&A 2000; 357, L45.

[43] CERN/GRAN SASSO press release on superluminal neutrinos
http://public.web.cern.ch/press/pressreleases/Releases2011/PR19.11E.html
with subsequent confirmation available, e.g., in the link
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-15791236
scientific paper available from tyhe link
http://www.santilli-foundation.org/docs/OPERA-experiment.pdf

[44] R. M. Santilli, "Mathematical Formulation, Theoretical Interpretation and Experimental Verification of IsoRelativity for Interior Dynamical problems of Matter and Antimatter," contributed paper to the 2011 San Marino Workshop in Astrophysics and Cosmology for Matter and Antimatter, to appear. Preliminary version available from
http://www.santilli-foundation.org/docs/Isorelativity-final.pdf

[45] R. M. Santilli, "Iso-Minkowskian Geometry For Interior Dynamical Problems," Contributed paper in Cosmology, Quantum Vacuum, and Zeta Functions, Diego Saez-Gomez, Sergei Odintsov Sebastia Xambo Editors, Springer, 2011.
http://www.santilli-foundation.org/docs/Isominkowskian-Geom.

[46] R. M. Santilli, "Experimental Verifications of IsoRedShift with Possible Absence of Universe Expansion, Big Bang, Dark Matter, and Dark Energy," The Open Astronomy Journal {\bf 3}, 124 (2010),
http://www.santilli-foundation.org/docs/Santilli-isoredshift.pdf

[47] R. M. Santilli, "Experimental Verification of IsoRedShift and its Cosmological Implications," contributed paper to the {\it Proceedings of the International Conference on Numerical Analysis and Applied Mathematics,} Rhodes, Greece, September 19-25, 2010, T. E. Simos, Editor, American Institute of Physics Conference Proceedings Vol. 1281, pp. 882-885 (2010)
http://www.santilli-foundation.org/docs/Isoredshift-Letter.pdf

[48] G. West and G. Amato, "Experimental Confoirmation of Santilli's IsoRedShift and IsoBlueShift," contributed paper to the {\it Proceedings of the San Marino Workshop on Astrophysics and Cosmology for Matter and Antimatter,} Republic of San Marino, September 5 to 9, 2011, Journal of Computational Methods in Sciences and Engineering, Vol. 12, pages 169-188 (2012),
http://www.santilli-foundation.org/docs/Confirmation-IRS-IBS.pdf

[49] R. M. Santilli, G. West and g. Amato. "Experimental Confirmation of the IsoRedShift at Sun at Sunset and Sunrise with Consequential Absence of Universe Expansion and Related Conjectures, " contributed paper to the 2011 San Marino Workshop in Astrophysics and Cosmology for Matter and Antimatter, Journal of Computational Methods in Sciences and Engineering, Vol. 12, pages 165-188 (2012).
http://www.santilli-foundation.org/docs/Confirmation-sun-IRS.pdf

[50] C. W. Misner, K. S. Thorne and J. A. Wheeler, Gravitation, W. H. Freeman and Company (1973)

[51] P. Riess et al. Astronomical Journal {\bf 116}, 1009 {1998); S. Perlmutter et al. Astrophysical Journal {\bf 517}, 565 (1999).

[52] E. J. Wollack, Edward, "The Study of the Universe: Big Bang Theory," NASA report (2010).

[54] A. B. Whiting, "The expansion of space: free-particle motion and the cosmological redshift," The Observatory, {\bf 124}, 174 (2004)
http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004Obs...124..174W

[55] V. Rubin, "Rotation of the Andromeda Nebula from a Spectroscopic Survey of Emission Regions," Astrophysical Journal, vol. 159, p.379 (1970)
http://adsabs.harvard.edu/doi/10.1086/150317

[56] P. J. Peebles and B. Ratra, " The cosmological constant and dark energy," Reviews of Modern Physics, vol. {\bf 75}, 559 (2003).

[57] R. M. Santilli, "Embedding of Lie algebras into Lie-admissible algebras," Nuovo Cimento 51, 570 (1967),
http://www.santilli-foundation.org/docs/Santilli-54.pdf

[58] R. M. Santilli, Hadronic Mathematics, Mechanics and Chemistry, Vol. I [58a], II [58b], III [58c], IV [58d] and [58e], international academnioc press, (2008),
http://www.i-b-r.org/Hadronic-Mechanics.htm

[59] I. Gandzha and J. Kadeisvili, New Sciences for a New Era: Math- ematical, Physical and Chemical Discoveries of Ruggero Maria Santilli, Sankata Printing Press, Nepal (2011),
http://www.santilli-foundation.org/docs/RMS.pdf